Managing Across Cultures To all managers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1716 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this report is to provide you with an understanding of the techniques that can be used to maximise the performance of a cross-cultural team. There are many more ideas and way available, nevertheless, the ideas here are a start and will enable you to develop your expertise further. With a cross cultural and diverse team you will have a wide pool of skills with those in your team having a very different understanding of what you expect from them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing Across Cultures To all managers" essay for you Create order With a proactive management approach you can maximise these benefits, including training, planning for and committing to diversity as a core strength. By preparing yourself and using the strategies in this report you will be able to achieve synergy, where the team is greater than the sum of the individuals. Many managers and team members question their ability to manage diversity. When someone is different in looks, language, or actions, people may initially feel uncomfortable and wonder how to communicate. After all, the influences that make people behave and interrelate the way they do are complex, and someone unfamiliar with diversity may feel intimidated or confused. Incorporating training into the workplace, based on awareness and understanding of the issues will enable you to lay the foundation for the effective management of a diverse team. Introduction In todays society with cross-culture and diversity in the workplace, it is certain that your team will be diverse. It is the intention that you be made fully aware of how to manage the various cross-cultural and diverse differences. This report will be providing you with information to enable you to understand: the concept of diversity how to communicate effectively the consequences of failing to manage a cross culture and diverse team effectively how to manage a cross culture and diverse team effectively Your team members commitment will depend on whether they are in the core inside circle or involved at a peripheral level. (Kao and NG, 1992) page 377 The key is engaging the member, whereby you will be able to maximise their productiveness. Many of the suggestions will originate from the Handbook by Harry etcc and Anastasia Bibikova and Vadim Kotelnikov, founder of the Ten3 Business e-Coach training material. The concept of diversity Diversity isnt just about how people look or where they come from, its about differences, but not just differences in gender, race, or class. Diversity encompasses other differences as well for example, in abilities or values and beliefs (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). Some narrowly-focused definitions only refer to diversity in terms of basic personal characteristics. But a true understanding of diversity includes more subtle differences. After all, two people from completely different geographical locations may differ in terms of gender, race, or language, but may share the same beliefs. Alternatively, two similar people of the same gender and community and even working in the same organization can have very different beliefs and values (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). Diversity encompasses all the ways in which people differ. Diversity can bring with it new and relevant approaches to work. Only when you move beyond simply thinking of it in terms of someones cultural ba ckground can you reap the rewards diversity can bring. Think about a great manager whos really motivated you in the past. What comes to mind? Many people describe such managers as fair, respectful, encouraging, objective, clear, and good listeners. The key in a diverse work environment is to be this way with everyone and not only with the team members whom you feel comfortable with. Managing a diverse team requires a commitment to demonstrate these kinds of attitudes and behaviours with everyone on the team. The more you can really connect with each of your team members, the more youll be able to create a highly productive environment. Once youve established your initial approach to managing diversity by building cross-cultural awareness in yourself and your team, you need to use different techniques to maintain the approach. One technique for managing a diverse team is to effective communication. How to communicate effectively Problems in communication can often be a result of cross-cultural issues. Diaz-guerrero has suggested that when people interact culture dictates the priorities in their conversation. Pg 341. There is a requirement to grasp cultural singularities in order for effective communication to be achieved (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). Communicating inclusively is being careful that your language doesnt make anyone feel marginalised. All team members should feel comfortable and know their contributions matter. Listening is one of the most important communication skills. You must listen actively to what your team members have to say to be sure you understand what theyre trying to communicate. You also have to be clear when you communicate. Especially in diverse environments, you need to check to make sure all team members understand you (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). The example below illustrates how a simple hand gesture can be misinterpreted (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). Di fficulties in managing your team can arise with discrepancies between cultures. People from different cultural backgrounds have different understanding of what makes a good manager. They also will have different understandings of situations and appropriate behaviour (Shaw 1990, 380-381) Your automatic response may not be seen as correct in the opinion of someone from another culture. (Shaw 1990, 380-381) It is recommended that you allow yourself to be exposed to other cultures. (Shaw 1990, 380-381) As a manager of a mature team you will have established a common ground of communication and a basis for mutual understanding. (Anderson, 381) In such circumstances the cultural diversity will not be a hindrance to maximise the teams performance. (Graen and Wakabayasia, 1984, 381) The consequences of failing to manage a cross culture and diverse team effectively In the workplace, there are job demands that require a certain degree of conformity. Does that mean everyone should strive to become more similar, especially when they have to work together? Not at all, people can be very diverse and still find common ground (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). Some cultures and particularly those in Asian countries, devalue work and associate physical labour to being in slavery. (Frans Maeh Sali |Desai, 374). But more and more, people understand that all the various groups have a great deal to contribute, and can still retain and even celebrate their differences. This doesnt mean its always easy to manage diversity effectively and if its not managed well, diversity can actually decrease group cohesiveness, making it difficult for teams to benefit from their differences in perspective. A challenge for you is to encourage greater cohesion. If diversity isnt managed well, differences can result in wide-ranging effects on a team: social catego risation in a process known as social categorisation, people may judge team members as like me as part of an ingroup or as different from me as in an outgroup poor communication language differences that arise with diverse teams can result in poor communication that impedes understanding conflict team members may feel discomfort with differences, have attitudes based on stereotypes, or be biased against the unfamiliar, which can all lead to conflict (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). Social categorisation and poor communication often lead to stereotyping. Its common, especially when a new team meets, for members to form opinions about each other based on what they see. They also form opinions on how they expect people to behave. But stereotypes are closed categories that leave no room for individual differences or exceptions, conflict can occur. When people hold preconceived ideas, theyre resistant to ideas or individuals that challenge the stereotype and the person bei ng stereotyped often resents being pigeonholed (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). This emphasises the need for businesses to manage their teams more effectively. Managing a diverse team effectively A team consisting of many cultures is not necessarily a recipe for disaster. (Anderson, 381) Diversity helps to spark creativity, expand horizons, reveals new ways to approach the world, or grow a business. Without diversity in the workplace, companies run the risk of becoming mono cultural, with only one limited perspective. Effectively managing diversity goes beyond respecting the differences between people. Its about putting those differences to work in the best possible way for both the company and your team members Managing diversity in the workplace is more than simple compliance with laws and regulations. Effective diversity management can address issues such as social categorisation, poor communication, and conflict, and create stronger, more cohesive teams. You can reap several benefits from being able to manage diverse teams effectively: encourage greater creativity youll be able to encourage the greater creativity that comes with a diverse team develop high-quality solutions youll be able to harness the potential of diverse teams to make better-qua lity decisions and develop high-quality solutions be a more effective leader youll be seen as a more effective leader who can direct and guide a cohesive team of diverse individuals create job satisfaction for your team members youll create better job satisfaction for your team members, who will then be more motivated to work for you A diverse team thats well managed one thats comfortable communicating all the varying points of view can be more creative. That same creativity can lead to better team decisions and solutions and resulting in a high performance team. Conclusion When you manage a diverse team well, you can inspire them to perform beyond their perceived potential. Youll be seen as a more effective and valued leader as you are able to communicate well with a diverse group of individuals. By showing your team that their needs and interests are important, youll also create better job satisfaction for all. In turn, your team will be more motivated to achieve the results to enhance your position (Bibikova and Kotelnikov, 2010). In a global business environment, it can be a challenge to manage a diverse team effectively. You need to be able to harness all your team members potential to help them improve their performance. Not managing diverse teams effectively can lead to the problems of social categorisation, poor communication, and conflict and the result in loss productivity. There are many benefits to being able to manage a diverse team effectively. Youll be able to encourage greater creativity, come to better team decisions and solutions, be a more effective leader, and have a happier and more motivated team.

Challenges Faced By Ethnic Minority Supervisors - 1216 Words

Challenges Faced By Ethnic Minority Supervisors in Clinical Supervision Personal Preparation My specialization paper will focus on the challenges faced by ethnic minority supervisors in clinical supervision. My paper is guided by the courses I took in the doctoral program, my personal experience as a supervisor and the gaps in literature review that motivated me to pursue this area of research. In the past two and a half years of my doctoral program, I took courses (advanced clinical supervision, advanced family counseling, and independent research in multicultural counseling supervision, multicultural literature for children and adolescents, and a course on survey design in educational research) to help me better understand the cross-cultural supervision and different challenges supervisor’s face in cross-cultural supervision. These courses helped me to look into how ethnicity and clinical supervision are related at a much deeper level, and how same/different ethnicity of supervisors and supervisee affect the supervision process. The UF doctoral program has given me a unique opportunity to supervise many supervisees from cultures (Chinese, Taiwanese, Hispanic, African American, and White Caucasian American) different than mine. As a result, I have experienced some challenges as a supervisor in the supervisory relationship that taught me how speaking about ones culture shapes the supervisory alliance. I have learned that I should communicate openly about myShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Struggles747 Words   |  3 PagesStruggles Shaneisa Smith Soc 308: Racial Ethnic Groups Risa Garelick November 23, 2011 AFRICAN AMERICAN STRUGGLES 2 African American Struggles African Americans are knows to face various issues throughout their lives. 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Continue Improve Strong Brand Image Market â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Continue Improve Strong Brand Image Market? Answer: Introducation Our Chief executive officer Mr. Peter Drury, all protocols observed, ladies and gentlemen. Without much ado, allow me to introduce myself briefly for today, since its the first I am meeting majority of you here at this great company Shopz for Us. My name is Mr. Alvaro Morata, the incoming Chief Marketing Officer for the company. We are all gathered here today for the annual road-show for the company and its a great opportunity for us to take stock of what the year has been as well as laying foundation for the new financial year 2017. Our company is in a great position today in the market and I believe we still have enormous potential to within us to further strengthen the company position in the market and improve on our brand image. Ladies and gentlemen, the future belongs to those who prepare for it today and as you can see Shopz for Us has taken it upon itself to plan for the future and we therefore expect to count our success come next year during this particular event. My role as the company Chief Marketing officer majorly involves building a strong brand preposition of the company in the market, ensuring both the marketing and operational activities of the company work in tandem and in a way that brings out teamwork for better achievement of the organizational objectives as set out by the company. I will do this together with my colleague the companys Chief operating officer. More specifically, my role involves overseeing the companys planning, development and execution of the marketing strategies geared towards achieving the sales targets across our brands and those that we distribute in all our stores across Australia. My primary responsibility is to generate revenues for the company through sales by engaging the company in successful marketing strategies revolving around product marketing and pricing, market research, improved public relations and advertisements through various channels such as TV, print media and online platforms. I am also re sponsible for the new product development as guided by the demand in the management, improving our supply chain to meet the demand curve of our market. The role also include customer service which is basically about improving the experience our customers get whenever they visit our shop and by using the actual products purchased from us. The customer experience and service is our core activity that enables us to serve our customers well and improve their loyalty to our products. As a company we continually seek to improve in all fronts guided by our previous experience and the opportunities that keep on arising from time to time in our market. The marketing department under my leadership will continually endeavor to always put Shopz for Us brands in the mind of any customer in who thinks of buying any men or women clothing in markets where we have presence. (Ferrell, 2016) The company has put in place strategic measures that are aimed to improve its performance. Key among them and the one that falls under my jurisdiction as the company chief marketing officer is revamping of our brand image in the market. This basically entails telling our people our values as the company through various media channels that exist. The recent adverse media reporting about our company need to be dealt with it immediately because we believe that that is not really who we are as our values are strong in the society and the public in general. The aim for this strategic decision is to improve consumer confidence in purchasing and wearing our products knowing very well that its made and distributed by a reputable organization. Consumer behavior and taste is what drives sells, this strategic decision will ensure that our products has the best moral image and strong brand standing in the market that influences the consumer behavior in our favor. My department will put a sharp f ocus on this aspect of our company and reverse any negative ratings that the company brand may have suffered as a result of adverse media propagated by some of the media houses and online platforms in Australia. The leadership of the company as well as its people will therefore stand to benefit from the improved media relations that the company seeks to achieve in a short term period. The company also has put in place a strategic measure to ensure that there is teamwork and constructive collaboration among its internal workforce. The company looks to streamline the functions of the marketing department and those of operations department with the view of aligning them together for the purposes of improving teamwork and efficiency of the company business. Under this particular strategic measure the company will eliminate processes that are not complimentary to each other and replace them with those that are complimentary to each other. With this, there will be better co-operation betw een the marketing department and the operation department that will make it easy for the company to achieve its business objectives in a seamless and timely manner that brings more benefit to the company. The marketing and the operations activities of the company should work hand in hand because its through marketing that the company will be able estimate the expected number of sales per individual products which will then advice the operations department to work in a way that will be optimal for the company. This strategic measure will see the performance of each the employee given a fair chance to be on top without any hindrances that may be brought about by internal competition. In turn this will boost the moral of all the employees of the company and thus the management will have an easy time in running the affairs of the company in its endeavor to meet or exceed the company objectives. These major strategic measures therefore will see our company improve and be more successful in the market. (Hawkins and Mothersbaugh, 2017.) My department will implement the following measures and initiatives for the forthcoming financial year of the company. In line with the company vision to introduce designer labels across our stores, my department will immediately begin vetting of the designers whose designs and ideas marries well with our clientele. The department under my leadership would want to ensure that we dont loose our brand identity as Shopz for Us that may adversely affect consumer behavior towards our products. We will also ensure that the designers whose work will be displayed in our stores are of good moral standing in the eyes of the public so that we avoid further adverse media on products and image of our brand. The designers will audition for this purpose and as company we dont intent to lock international designers who can attend the auditions in person or send a representative who will be able to articulate all the issues concerning such as the theme of the designs as well as their market niche. Regarding the company objective of setting up an online platform through which we do more sells, my department plans to implement this objective using a carefully thought out plan aimed at getting maximum results or output for the company. We will first launch this program using existing resources such as our website which will need a few changes to accommodate capabilities such as visitors being able to view products online, ability to search products using sizes, colors and other parameters and the capacity of the website to accommodate increased traffic we envisage as soon as we go online. The interfaces will be made user-friendly in that the customers will still get the best experience in shopping with us same way he/she would have experienced if shopping in our one of our physical stores. The company will also utilize its followers on its social media handles such as Instagram and twitter so has to leverage on the existence resource to launch online platforms for selling product s. This strategy will also see the company use little outlay in terms of the budget and thus realize optimal profits for our company and shareholders. In seeking franchise partnerships my department will conduct an easement of the franchise applications which will be made to the company. The easement will be based on the finding market capabilities of the financial applicants to see which ones among offers the best position for us in terms of complimentary marketing activities that will see our company benefit more. To expound on this, we as Shopz for Us are very keen on ensuring that all our processes compliment each other as opposed to contradicting each other. In view of this therefore ladies and gentlemen, Shopz for Us will only approve franchises whose marketing capabilities compliment what we have and whose other brand suits our customer base or market niche. To improve the image of our brand my department will embark on massive public relations activities that are majorly aimed to improve our image and brand strength in the market. This will be done in a series of initiatives starting with running of our core values in the leading Australian media houses along with the products that we sell. We will seek to let the people and the general public that as Shopz for Us we value our people dignity and right of association or disassociation. That our company has put in place measures through its human resource division that ensures no one in the organization can be forcefully made to engage in any activity that they dont like. Our values such as integrity and honesty will remind people of who we are and despite of the challenges that we may face we have values that guides us and anyone of us going against it undergoes due disciplinary measures as set out in our human resource manual on employees code conduct. The company will through its socia l media platforms call for customers who think we have best products in the market and that our people are nice and respectful to be our ambassadors. The main aim of this is to let other people talk on about who we are so that there is transparency and believability in the message that we are trying to pass across to the public given that its being said by a different and independent party. To assess the success of the measure taken by the company the marketing department will carry out a survey in the public to find out about how successful our brand image campaign is in terms of what the public now thinks about our brand and people who work for us. The outcome that we will get from this survey will help us make informed and necessary changes in the initiatives and media campaigns for the subsequent years. The department in line with the overall objective of teamwork put in place initiatives that will encourage all the employees of the company to value teamwork rather than more on individual success. These initiatives include rewarding employees that contribute more on achieving this agenda such as giving business leads to other employees in the company for the greater benefit of the organization as a whole. These rewards ladies and gentlemen are meant to encourage our employees to work together as a unit and improve our companys internal organization. Research indicates that teamwork is likely to bring out optimal results among the employees as opposed to working in isolation. The reason behind this ladies and gentlemen is that human beings are social beings in nature. They are wired to work as a group more than in individualistic manner. The fact that they are social being makes teamwork achievable and a realistic goal for the company. When working as a team individual member may, in the cause of their duty, come across an innovative idea or business lead that is not relevant to his or her department or job description but the same innovative idea or business lead can greatly benefit a colleague in a different unit of the organization. With teamwork in place the company is likely to come up with an innovative product in the market that will give it a competitive edge in the market thus making more sales. On the other hand the business lead given to a different person within the organization may materialize simply because the person given could be in better position to close that particular business for the company due to the closeness he or she has with the customer in question. In conclusion therefore my colleagues, it is my sincere hope that Shopz for Us will have a great year based on the plans that weve put in place to ensure that the company continue to improve and gain a strong brand image in the market. I take this opportunity to wish you all, all the best in the forthcoming year and may you achieve or exceed both your personal and organizational targets for the New Year. Thank you for listening! References Ferrell, O. (2016). Marketing strategy. [S.l.]: Cengage Learning. Hawkins, D. and Mothersbaugh, D. (2017.). Consumer behavior.

The Gift of the Magi Quotes

'The Gift of the Magi' Quotes The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry is a holiday favorite. The cherished moments in this work have become a Christmas tradition both in the original and many iterations. Do you remember the quotes? Perhaps youve read or heard the lines without even realizing it. Here are a few quotes from the short story and here are some questions to think about. Quotes Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds.She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friendsa mammoth task.His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle o f two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.

A Word on Wordsworth essays

A Word on Wordsworth essays Contrary to what many critics state, Wordsworth does capture the true essence of childhood. While reading Tintern Abbey and Ode: Intimations of Immorality, the reader is instantly aware that the point of view is from an adult who dreams of returning to the age when life had no worries. In the beginning lines of his Ode: Intimations of Immorality Wordsworth paints a picture which carries much similarity to Genesiss Garden of Eden. For example, throughout lines 1-2, Wordsworth talks of a serene setting with a meadow, grove, and stream. Then, he begins to further glorify his setting by mentioning that according to him it appareled in celestial light. In many ways this is childhood. Most children have no worries and their state of mind is not troubled or disturbed in any way, much like Wordsworths setting. Moreover, the way they see the world is not tarnished, as opposed to when they mature and the evils of the world begin to surface. Yet, the most important concept brought upon by Wordsworth is not only the idea of what being a child is or what it should be, but the constant yearning for an adult to return to his/her youth. By showing childhood as the only time when an individual can be truly carefree, Wordsworth creates a want in the reader to again experience life as it was-before maturity began to occur. In both poems, Wordsworth speaks of childhood as only a faint memory, which can never be duplicated in an adult life. For instance, in lines 83 and 84 of Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth writes that childhood is That time is past, and all its aching joys are now no more. Personally, I do not feel that Wordsworth exaggerates any part of what it means to be a child through the eyes of an adult-especially an adult whose life may prove troublesome. Though maturity heightens knowledge, I cannot say I dont miss the ignoran...

Whats the Difference Between Being Laid Off and Getting Fired

Whats the Difference Between Being Laid Off and Getting Fired Were you laid off or were you fired? Think it makes no difference? Think again. â€Å"Fired† tends to have a much more negative connotation than â€Å"laid off.† Though it’s possible to be a good employee and be fired, you should still be aware of the associations future employers might have to the terms you use. Which is Which?Being laid off is usually considered the fault of your employer. It’s usually either due to budget cuts or corporate strategy/reorganization, and often after mergers. Sometimes even the best employees are laid off- such as when cuts are imposed across the board. It could even be that an entire regional office was closed.Being fired is a little different. There is usually a cause and that cause is usually an employee’s poor performance. This will be tricky to explain to future employers. There are plenty of reasons you could be fired that actually don’t reflect on you at all. And many states in which employees work â₠¬Å"at will†- meaning they can be fired at any time, for any cause, or even no cause. The main reason you could be fired illegally would be for reasons of discrimination, but those situations are tricky and require an employment lawyer.Why Does it Matter?First of all, if you’ve been laid off, you might be eligible for unemployment benefits. Or even severance pay or other exit benefits. If you were fired, you won’t. If you were fired, you’ll also have to start honing the story you’ll tell future employers about why you were fired- and doing so without trashing the company or your supervisor. Find a way to explain your termination that doesn’t cast you in too negative a light, but also doesn’t throw anyone else under the bus either.What Should You Do?If you are eligible for unemployment, check in with your state unemployment office for details of how to proceed. Educate yourself about the rights of unemployed workers in your area. And sta rt looking for a new job as soon as you can!If you are eligible for severance, inquire with your employer as to their policies. This is not required by law. You are also entitled to any unused vacation days or deferred compensation in the form of stocks.No matter what, you should inquire as to your company’s COBRA benefits, to continue your health coverage. Most companies have to provide 18 months after separation. The monthly premiums will be expensive, but paying it is better than the alternative.Bottom LineIf you’re not sure, it’s best to ask your supervisor. If you live in an â€Å"at will† employment state, they are under no legal obligation to tell you why they fired you. But you are allowed to ask how they will refer to the termination if used as a reference. Better to know whether you were laid off or fired than to lose a future job because you made an incorrect assumption.

STRATEGIES ON HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATING THE Essay

STRATEGIES ON HOW TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES IN AUTOMATING THE OPERATION OF GOVERNMENT PROCESSES - Essay Example In support of this overall objective it is the aim of the proposed thesis to determine the challenges that automation projects face in the course of its implementations. Another aim is to determine the most effective strategies that can be used to resolve the challenges listed. The final aim that supports the overall objective is to determine the possibility of success of the strategies listed. Finally in order to determine the relevance of this thesis, the proposed thesis shall determine the resulting success or failure of automation the processes of governments. Background Investment in e-government initiative is considers a significant investment by many governments worldwide (Hunter&Tan, 2006). It is unfortunate that many of these investments have been unsuccessful (Heeks, 2001). E-government simply is an electronic version of traditional governmental transaction and communication processes. As mentioned in the literature, many governments around the world attracted to adopt and implement e-government in order to improve their performance. Improve performance is a broad term that includes provide faster and better services at lower cost with a high level of confidentiality and quality. Also, such e-government investment creates many promising economical and innovative opportunities. Governments around the world provide their service to a large number of their citizens governmental bodies, and another public and private sectors (Alshehry, 2008). Thus, the traditional ways of managing government interrelated relationship with parties mentioned above have became a complex and exhausted process that need to be improved. Here, emerged the importance to adopt and implement e-government. Providing e-government services to citizens associated positively with citizen’s satisfaction by saving time, money, and effort (Kumar & Best, 2006). Also, e-government provides high level of transparency to all involved parties and increases the level of effectiveness and efficiency. Development of Research Problem E-government has been associated in positively building trust in the government through providing transparency and interactivity to people ( Welch, 2005). Also, e-government is associated with building and managing relationships (Layne& Lee, 2001) with citizens, public and private sector, and more which could create many of business opportunities. On another hand, an e-government initiative is still unmanageable and in its infant stage as mentioned by Layne& Lee (2001) including infrastructure, policy, interoperability. Successful initiative of e-government does not necessarily ensure the success of subsequent stages (Kumar & Best, 2006). Also, the failure rate in most of e-government projects relatively high (Lessa, Belachew, & Anteneh, 2011, Heeks, 2001). There are many challenges that hinder successful e-government projects. Thus, theses challenges need to be investigated. The focus need to be placed on understanding the factors that hi nder the success and delay its implementation. As mentioned in the literature, the full advantages of e-government implementation have not been reaped yet; the

Advertising and Marketing of Audi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising and Marketing of Audi - Essay Example This essay "Advertising and Marketing of Audi" outlines advertisement campaign of this carmaker and its peculiarities. Continued survival of Audi in the international market and even protection of its image and brand name in the highly competitive global could definitely attributes to its exceptional advertising and marketing techniques and not traditional big names inferred for German cars. To begin with, Audi has been involving in direct confrontation with its immediate class competitor, which is BMW. The most latest direct confrontation involved of Audi and BMW appeared in an advertisement intended to familiarize a new Audi A4. In this billboard advertisement, Audi used the words â€Å"Your Move, BMW† that directly targeted to warn BMW that its perceived dominance in the class was under check. BMW countered this advertisement in a very offensive manner that later triggered another direct reply from Audi upon the introduction of the exotic R8 brand . The billboard for this a dvertisement was immediately beside that of the BMW with phrase, â€Å"Your pawn is no match for our king.† The possible intention of such an advertisement was to lower the actual status of advertised BMW car portrayed in the advertisement. This kind of advertisement seemed very aggressive thus proving to the public about the increasing command gained by Audi in the local market. Audi has also adopted an advertisement technique relating to the currently widespread technology. For instance, Audi has sought collaboration with the expensive and classy iPhone. In the collaboration, Audi created a car game a free game name the A4 driving challenge 2.0 installed in the iPhone. This advertisement created perception of the Audi A4 as a special car for the rich and wealthy individuals. According to Audi zone this advertisement portrayed Audi as the very first automobile company to exploit, the special features of iPhone that particularly targeted scientifically oriented customers. Audi zone also points at the newly developed online advertisement website cliqued â€Å"Meet the Beckers.†3 This website particularly intends and targets rich families who own Audi cars. The advertisement exists in two episodes that launch direct attack against the competitors of Audi. One of the episodes in this

Developmental Psychology and Expressive Arts Essay Example for Free

Developmental Psychology and Expressive Arts Essay An explanation of each of the areas of learning and development and how these are interdependent. There are 7 areas of development in the learning and development for children as described in development matters in the early years foundation stage 2012 DFE Cheshire. There are 3 prime areas of development and 4 specific areas of development. The prime areas area personal, social and emotional development, physical development and communication and language development. The specific areas are literacy, mathematics, understanding the world and expressive arts and design. Personal, social and emotional development: The areas of personal, social and emotional development is about how a child makes relationships, has self-confidence and self-awareness and manages behaviour. For example, a child of 26 months will demonstrate to their parents that they can be independent and they could show this by saying ‘no’ if they don’t want to do anything. Physical development: Physical development is about how children can move around and handle things by themselves and health and self-care. For example, a child who is 10 months will pull themselves up to help them stand and they will hold onto someone they know or a piece of furniture for support. Communication and language: Communication and language is about how a child can listen and pay attention, to understand others and be able to speak. For example, a child who is 5 months will make their own sounds in response when someone who is familiar is talking to them. Literacy: Literacy is about a child who is learning to read and learning to write. For example, a child who is 16 months will be interested in books and rhymes and could also have a favourite. Also the could draw/write with their finger in the sand. Mathematics: Mathematics is about children learning about numbers, shapes, space and measures. For example, a child who is 40 months could be able to separate a group of 3 or 4 objects indifferent ways, and begins to recognise that the total is still the same. Understanding the world: Understanding the world is about how children see people and communities, how they see the world and technology. For example, a child who is 30 months could ask a question or comment on the aspects of the world, such as where they live or where a different family member lives. They might ask why they live in different places then them. Expressive arts and design: Expressive arts and design is about exploring and using media and materials, and being imaginative. For example, a child who is 60 months will be able to understand different media and combine them to make a new effect. These 7 areas of learning and development are all interdependent. An activity that shows this is playing play dough and basing this activity on the book postman pat. Personal, social and emotional links into this activity because they are all talking to you and each other about what they are doing with the play dough. This is interdependent with communication and language because they are speaking to each other while they are doing the activity. Communication and language is interdependent with physical because when they are making play dough people to do with postman pat they are using their fine motor skills to hold the cutter and rollers properly. Physical is interdependent with maths because when the children make the people, they can count how many people of objects they have made. Also they can be making different shapes which will help them learn. Maths is interdependent with literacy because they could make their names out of the play dough with the cutters and there could be some alphabetical letters they can also use. Literacy is interdependent with understanding the world because they will be using their senses and their knowledge to understand the book and be able to complete the play dough. Understanding the world is interdependent with expressive arts and design because using play dough is a type of media so they will gain skills. This is also helping the children learn more effectively and to be more creative. Early learning goals: Each aspect of the areas of learning and development have early learning goals. Most children will achieve most of these by 60 months. The outcomes have been reduced in the EYFS 2012. ‘Children play co-operatively, taking turns with others. They take account of one another’s ideas about how to organise their activity. They show sensitivity to others needs and feelings; and form positive relationships with adults and other children. This is from the personal, social and emotional: making relationships ELG 40-60+ months. For example, if a child was playing with lots of toys and another child was sitting alone with nothing to do, the child would share their toys with them so they become happy. This will help for them to build a relationship and become better friends.

Eastern Thought in the Works of Kerouac and Ginsberg Essay -- Biograph

Eastern Thought in the Works of Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the late 1950's and throughout the 1960's, a fascination with Eastern thought developed, concentrating on Zen Buddhism and Daoism. This attraction can be explained in part by the complete strangeness of these thought forms to Western ideals. Buddhism's denial of reality and Daoism's wu-wei or flowing with life were revolutionary ideas to the people of the late '50's who had been brought up with consumerism, patriotism, Christianity, and suburbia. As people began rebelling from this cookie-cutter society, Eastern thought became a tool for the revolution, denying previously indubitable truths such as reality, attachment and God. This polar opposite belief-system, though it worked well as a slap in the face for conservative America, had difficulty being accepted in it's purest totality. Many aspects were too strict, too foreign and even too conservative to fit properly with the atmosphere of revolution and freedom. Thus began the process of "domestication". In order for these belief-systems to be embraced by the revolutionaries, a sort of depurification had to take place. Writers like Kerouac and Ginsberg combined Zen Buddhism, Daoism, and forms of Tibetan mysticism with parts of Western religions to create a medley of traditions much more liberal in practice than any of it's component belief systems. This "corruption" of Eastern thought began with the inclusion of sex, drugs and even facets of Christianity and other modes of Western thought to produce a hybrid of spirituality, and ended as an accepted mode of belief among the revolutionaries in a way the purest forms of these religions never could have. Jack Kerouac in his book, The Dharma Bums, and Allen... ...beliefs with their own, or tracing the traditions to their purest roots and taking the religion from there. It was a long road, but the sincerity of the Dharma Bums and the other poets and writers of the 1960's left a legacy of religious freedom, breaking out of the barriers of middle-American Christianity and setting out for the new frontier. Kerouac muses over this in The Dharma Bums, "'Yes, Coughlin, it's a shining now-ness and we've done it, carried America like a shining blanket into that brighter nowhere Already'" (138).    Works Cited Allen, Donald ed. The New American Poetry 1945-1960. Berkeley: U of CA, 1999. Ginsberg, Allen. "Kaddish". Allen, pp. 194-201 Ginsberg, Allen. "Sunflower Sutra". Allen, pp. 179-180. Ginsberg, Allen. "A Supermarket in California". Allen pp. 181-182. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Penguin, 1986.

Final Reflection Essay

During week one, my initial definition of learning was listening to an instruction, studying and then rehearsing that information in my mind, or categorizing it in a way so I could remember most of what was taught in the course. The class has opened a new dimension for me in the learning process; from understanding how I process information to deciphering which learning processes I use in intentional learning or metacognition. Understanding my learning patterns form dynamic learning relationship is a key element to my view of how and why I process the learning experience, even relating it to every day life. Since discovering my learning patterns by administering the Learning Connections Inventory or LCI assessment, I have discovered my aptitude for using Sequence (20), Precision (23), Technical Reasoning (35) and Confluence (29) learning patterns. My â€Å"use first† patterns of Technical Reasoning and Confluence are now self-evident and shed light on why my career took the path it did, leading me to this point in life. Confronting each task as a Dynamic Learner, I subconsciously used my Technical Reasoning and Confluence learning patterns first and as needed used my Precision and Sequential learning patterns. Throughout my career in the Navy, Technical Reasoning was pronounced which led me to choosing a mechanical trade; then in the construction industry, using my hands as a carpenter to renew or erect buildings. Sequential and Precision patterns were used on an as needed basis when specific tasks required a structured approach like developing designs or repairing equipment. Throughout this course, different quizzes took Sequential learning to complete. I found it difficult to only use this pattern and my strong Technical Reasoning pattern was evident by my moving from question to question if I did not immediately know the answer; then going back to answer the questions I skipped using Precision learning pattern. Reading assignments were a struggle as well; I was accustomed to using Technical Reasoning, briefly reading through the chapter to pick out phrases I knew were important. The critical reading process drew me back to basics by redirecting my use of Sequence and Precision learning patterns to become the predominant patterns used. Sequence learning pattern was needed in the  completion of discussions; I needed to focus, not only on discussions but completing all my work and submitting it on time. Having high technical reasoning and confluence learning patterns are what shaped decisions and tendencies in this class; procrastinating and being late with assignments started early in the course. Learning how to â€Å"FIT† my patterns together is a new concept which was difficult to introduce not only in my college course but in my daily life as well. Forging, Intensifying or Tethering my learning patterns are a continual activity and now that I have begun to understand how to decode a task, it will enable me to recognize the learning patterns to use, strengthen and reduce. This course was extremely interesting to me; discovering the four different learning patterns, how they influence college coursework and my career path. I appreciated looking at the inter-working of how I learn and what I can do to enhance my learning capabilities. As the weeks went by, the on-line experience with Ashford University became easier to schedule; I used sequential and precision learning patterns to regulate my time, turning in assignments when they were due. In the past, on-line learning was tedious and difficult to manage. Ashford’s approach with an introductory course in personal learning is eye opening; understanding how and why I learn will carry over into future courses. The overall online college experience will be what I make of it. Interacting with instructors and peers is an aspect in my control. Challenging classes will be met with a different attitude and perspective, knowing the how’s and why’s of my learning patterns is key to being successful.

European Influence on Japan & China Essay

The European arrival had an effect on both China and Japan. China and Japan had some similar and different reactions to the arrival of the Europeans. In China and Japan, the European arrival affected the technologies and economies of both societies similarly, whereas the reason of isolation differed in these societies. The technology of the European’s following their arrival penetrated both the Japanese and Chinese societies. In China, in order to gain the elites interest in the Christian religion, the Jesuit missionaries introduced the technology of cannons and clocks. In Japan during the 1950s, the Portuguese technology of clock and gun making, influenced society strongly. The Japanese and Chinese both openly accepted the new European technologies because they felt they needed to accept the technologies to keep up with the Europeans, who seemed more technologically advanced. In both China and Japan, people were being converted to Christianity. They were being converted from top to bottom. Once a year, China and Japan, were able to trade with the Europeans. They isolated themselves and traded with each other. Japan and China also had some different reactions to the European arrival. They had different reasons for isolating. After Zheng He died, the Chinese government decided to close the ports, except two. The Chinese and the Europeans exchanged goods once a year for the next 400 years. China agreed with the isolation because the scholar gentry saw the voyages as a waste of resources. They rather spend the money on defending China. Japan grew doubts with the European intentions, that both merchants and missionaries might subvert the existing social order. This led to official measures to restrict foreign activities in Japan. Under Ieyasu and his successors, the persecution of the Christians increased to isolate Japan from outside influences. In the 1630s, all the Japanese ships were forbidden to trade or even sail overseas. By the mid-17th century, Japan’s retreat into almost total isolation was complete. A major difference was after Japan isolated themselves, an elite group still remained interested in the Europeans. Unlike the Chinese who looked down on the Europeans and ignored what they had to offer and stay isolated with them. The Chinese and Japanese had similar and different reactions to the arrival of the Europeans. Both of these societies had a technology advancement. Also, they both isolated themselves from the Europeans and instead they traded with each other. They had different reasons for isolating. Also, an important difference was that in Japan, a group remained interested in the Europeans. This differed from the Chinese because after they isolated, they didn’t want anything to do with the Europeans.

In the Heart of the Sea In 1819 Essays

In the Heart of the Sea In 1819 Essays In the Heart of the Sea In 1819 Essay In the Heart of the Sea In 1819 Essay Essay Topic: The Heart Goes Last In the Heart of the Sea In 1819, The whale ship, Essex, set its sails and departed from Nantucket, Massachusetts on a voyage to the Pacific Ocean to hunt and kill sperm whales and retrieve the abundance of oil the whales possess, which became a crucial component in 19th century industry [2]. The island of Nantucket had been one of the most important oil businesses for quite some time. For the crew of the whale ships, harvesting whales was a tough assignment; when a whale was spotted, the crew would approach it, harpoon it, and then try to kill it. Once a whale was killed, its blubber was peeled from the corpse and then boiled for the high quality oil. On this particular journey the crew faced even more difficulties than just the killing of the whales. As sperm whales can reach upwards of sixty tons [1], they had the potential to destroy a whaling boat, as the crew of the Essex unfortunately learned. The whale ship goes through a huge storm, was attacked by a large sperm whale, became shipwrecked and was forced to navigate the sea with limited supplies in very small whaleboats, leading to starvation, dehydration, cannibalism, and even death. The story of the Essex is an important part of history, as it demonstrated not only the importance of the whaling industry upon 19th century citizens, but how such a tragic event played an important role on a community such as Nantucket. Soon after arriving in the Pacific, the crew made several stops along the coast of South America, slaughtering many whales along the way. George Pollard, the captain, then charted a course for another area near the coast of South America, which had come to be known as a hot spot for hunting whales. The crew of the Essex had never ventured into these waters and the whalers were unfortunately unaware of the dangers that awaited them in this uncharted territory. The tides turn on the whalers on November 20, 1820; the lookout crew spotted a pod of whales and immediately the harpoon crew boarded the whaleboat to pursue the whales. As the captain ordered Lawrence to get even closer to the whale, the harpoon hit the whale, forcing it to panic and whip the boat with its tail, gouging out a hole in the side of the boat. After one of their whaleboats had been damaged days before, another boat became severely damaged. As the harpooners limped back to the Essex, a massive sperm whale appeared off the bow, acting in a very suspicious manner. The whale then swam vigorously towards the vessel, ramming the side of the Essex, which led to the capsizing of the whale ship. The blunt, square shaped head of a sperm whale is what allowed it to ram the vessel without causing damage to the animal, not to mention they weigh upwards of thirty-five to forty-five tons [1]. This instance became the first documented whale attack on any type of ship. Perhaps the brutality of the slaughters enraged the large whale to attack. Whales are excellent communicators and the dying whales could have sent a distress signal that prompted the attack. Clearly the decision by Captain Chase to get closer to the whale that damaged the smaller ship led to even more unfortunate events. Philbrick discusses different ideas about why the attack took place. Some speculate that the attack could have just been accidental. Others contribute the attack due to the natural aggressiveness of male sperm whales. The cause will never be known, but the effects of the attack soon took a devastating toll to the entire crew of the Essex, and many decisions were made shortly thereafter the whales attack had ultimate importance. Many would have fought to keep the wounded alive; others would seek to quickly move on and leave the wounded to die. The most significant decision made came from Captain Pollard, who wanted to choose what would have been the better option, but listened to the other officers and decided to sail a different route to South America, rather than go west, which would have been a shorter distance to the safety of shore. The mens speculations about the unknown contributed to their fear to sail for other islands in that area. Another costly decision. Soon thereafter the negative consequences began to reek havoc on the crew. Hunger, thirst, weather and even another attack from a whale added unneeded side effects. The saltwater burned their open wounds, their skins were severely sun burnt, not to mention toll that the loneliness played on the crew’s ability to mentally withhold the circumstances. The difficult decisions they made ultimately led to situations and experiences that the crew would hope to forget. On the other hand, they were able to make some smart choices. They made sails for their smaller boats from the damaged Essex, and raised the sides of the boats to prevent waves from crashing aboard. Soon after all the abuse their bodies took, they reached the Henderson Islands. The days spent there provided the shipmates with slightly sufficient quantities of water, and a good supply of food. Although the Henderson Islands were not enough, the crew was still reassured and somewhat recuperated for what lied ahead. Two died shortly after departure from the islands and were buried at sea. But as the journey progresses, the dead could not be so easily let go. The irony stemming from this was that cannibalism was the reason they took such an indirect route, and eventually allowed members of the crew to stay alive. So many life-threatening choices were made, some costly, some life saving. Either way, decision making led to climactic brutal experiences that had an effect on the Nantucket community, as well as the history of the whaling industry. Only five remained alive after the ordeal despite their starvation, exhaustion and severe dehydration, they were all desperately anxious to tell of their experiences to their community. Towards the 18th century, colonists began to form what they called, whale fisheries [2]. â€Å"Islanders from Nantucket, who had taken to whaling because their soil was too poor for farming, killed their first sperm whale in 1712. † [2]. Sperm whales were among the most highly prized of the whales. Sperm whales had a rich abundance of blubber and bone that was very useful, and they also contained a rare material called â€Å"spermaceti†, a waxy oil found inside an organ in the whales’ bodies [2]. Spermaceti was used in candles and was widely viewed as being crucial to making the very best candles. So why was whaling so important in this time period? Oil was a necessary commodity for machinery, and was beginning to become limited, â€Å"a 19th century whaler regarded a whale as a swimming oil well. † [2]. At this point in time, machines were being more widely used, and the oil from whales greatly attributed to the industrial revolution [2]. Finding well paying jobs was difficult, as the nation was still developing. Even despite the difficulties and dangers of serving on a whale ship, large numbers of men were drawn to the monetary benefits, and even just the anticipation of a thrilling adventure. Returning from the long voyages safely, with a good supply of killed whales, was utterly essential and yielded important profits for colonies, especially Nantucket. So for such a tragedy like the Essex, one can imagine the negative consequences brought about by their misfortune. The fear of the unknown was amplified, the loss in profits surely was not accepted well, and the sheer torment the crew dealt with struck fear in the eyes of those in the whaling industry. Captain Pollard was viewed as insane, and ended up forfeiting his whaling career later on. Perhaps the most damaging consequences of the catastrophe were the fact that the five surviving sailors had to live with the memories of their journey. I cannot fathom how a sailor can be able to fully mentally recover from such a calamity. Sure the physical consequences of the long struggle were difficult to recover from, but being shipwrecked at sea can be one of the most mentally challenging experiences. The severe dehydration surely led to hallucinations, which could impair decision making and give the sailors false hope. The lack of food forced the sailors into the most desperate of measures. Obviously, resulting to cannibalism was the last thing any person would want to do, but proved to be life saving. I am sure the surviving whalers are faced with some hard memories, such as the whale attack and the loss of shipmates, but all definitely lived with the memories of eating their deceased crew members. The long term effects of such a devastating event had an impact on the future of whaling and industry in the colonies. The story of the Essex was very significant in the progression of industry, became central for the future of whaling, had a drastic impact on community of Nantucket and became an important part of American history. 1. acsonline. org/factpack/spermwhl. htm 2. http://history1800s. about. com/od/whaling/a/histwhaling. htm

5 Helpful Study Tips for Visual Learners

5 Helpful Study Tips for Visual Learners All of us have a preferred learning style. This just means that your mind is specifically suited to one mode of informational input – hearing things (auditory learners), experiencing things (kinesthetic learners), or seeing things (visual learners) – more than another. No one is only suited to one mode of input, but most people have a clear preference and one of the inputs will be stronger than others. If you prefer being shown something to simply being told, you might be a visual learner. The problem with studying for visual learners is that most (bad) teachers will only use one style – its most likely to be the one they prefer themselves. And if youre in the latter years of your education, auditory input – lectures – is what youre mostly going to get. Try not to be discouraged, however. All types of learners face their own unique challenges. Instead, understand that you should simply adapt your study habits to suit your learning style. Heres how you do it: Use Video Lessons Use resources like Khan Academy that have created videos specifically with visual learners in mind. Everything is written down before your eyes by the instructor, and explained in-depth with lots and lots of examples. They utilize pictures and slides to explain everything from algebra to art history, and a visual learner will do well by watching them. If your professors teaching is not suited to your preferred learning style, use these visual lessons to catch up on any material you might have missed. Flashcards Flashcards are absolutely essential for visual learners. Use them in tandem with another visual learner and you can pick up on things at the same pace. These will be put to use when youre preparing for multiple-choice tests or when you have to memorize lots of facts rapidly. When making flashcards, try and aim for succinct descriptions and answers – those work best. Visual learners should try using different pens and markers to color-code prompts from different categories. Try adding a picture, so that you can associate an answer with a visual. Flowcharts, Graphs and Infographics Visual learners need a visual input to associate with a fact, and flowcharts, graphs and infographics are the best ways to do that. If youre reading your notes and cant make sense of them or youre getting lost, look up an inforgraphic to learn it more quickly and retain more information. Chances are, someone on the Internet has made one for whatever subject or topic you need. Slideshare.net and reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful are great resources to use if you havent found one through your preferred search engine. Use Diagrams and Drawings to Visualize Your Notes In class, when youre trying to retain lots of information, it might be easier for you to draw a quick graph or diagram for future reference – for visual learners, this might be the part of the notes they will remember best. So, in history class, if there is a timeline of events, draw a line with branches coming from it and write short notes on the date and what happened for maximum retention. Start doing this, and youll find that most information can be broken down and systematized into a list or chart. If the instructor is using any drawings or diagrams in the PowerPoint, make sure to copy them down. Use Highlighters Lots of visual learners, interestingly, struggle with reading information from a book. If youre reading something and come to find that you havent been paying attention, try and read with a highlighter in your hand, noting important information. Firstly, this will force you to read more carefully. Secondly, you will retain more information by creating a visual marker for it. However, try to highlight as little as possible – if youre highlighting everything, its as if youre not highlighting anything at all. Hopefully, youll be putting these tips to good use. Most importantly, a blanket rule for visual learners should be to try to visualize all the information they receive. Train your mind to create an image to match what youre hearing – for instance, if someone is giving you directions, try and create a map in your mind. This will train your brain to retain information from other inputs better and become the best learner you can be.

Vomiting Reflex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vomiting Reflex - Essay Example This means that it can receive direct emetogenic stimulation from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The CTZ sends impulses to the vomiting impulses to the vomiting centre. The process of vomiting includes the retching and the expulsive phase. In the retching phase, the vomiting centre transmits motor efferent impulses to the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm resulting in increased intra-abdominal pressure. It also results in anti-peristalsis forces that can go all the way to the duodenum and ileum. Gastric content accumulates in the stomach resulting in relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (John, 2010). This is accompanied by hypersalivation, increased heart rate and sweating through the parasympathetic outflow. The hyoid bone and the larynx are elevated so as to open the upper esophageal sphincter. This is followed by the closure of the glottis. The increased intra-abdominal pressure and anti-peristalsis forces results in the expulsion of the abdominal contents. The following is a flow chart demonstrating the vomiting reflex. The contents and color of the vomitus may be used to diagnosis the cause of vomiting. Bleeding from the esophagus is showed by the presence of fresh blood in the vomitus. When the blood originates from the stomach, for example, perforated peptic ulcer, the vomitus has coffee ground appearance. This is because the acid found in the stomach reacts with the iron found in hemoglobin. Presence of bile in the vomitus indicates that the pyloric valve is open. This means that there is massive contraction of the duodenum leading to expulsion of bile (John, 2010). Fecal content in the vomitus indicates a gastrocolic fistula or intestinal obstruction. In case of intestinal obstruction, the vomiting relieves the associated abdominal pain and distension. These features are used to determine the origin of pathology in the gastrointestinal

The problem with evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The problem with evil - Essay Example Just as strong the God is, the existence of evil is also strong because the world is imperfect. God only permitted the best possible world so that creation could be improved. According to the Natural Law Theodicy by Bruce Reichenbach, God created a world in accordance with the natural laws to achieve higher good even if there are moral and natural evil (Evans, 11). Argument from the natural evil states that evil exist as a punishment for our sin; thus, this proves the existence of God as evil is necessary for certain types of goodness to occur. Swinburne claimed that God allow the existence of evil as an omnipotent being (can do anything possible logically) because he wanted to bring out the logically necessary condition of goodness such as compassion and bravery (Sovik, 23; Frances, 9). On the other hand, argument from moral evil states that man is created by God with freedom. The existence of evil does not disproves the existence of God as evil actions were the result of man’s abused of freedom (Sovik, 23). Lastly, the argument from unbelief supports the existence of God by using the concept of Divine hiddenness and faith as valuable tool. Evans supported this argument from unbelief stating that atheist does not believe in the existence of God not because of the lack of evidence but the inability and unwillingness to appreciate the evidence (74). To sum it up, God is an omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good God because He allowed evil in an imperfect world to bring out the goodness among people or to remind people of their sins through punishments and to bring out faith from Divine

Business Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Organisations - Essay Example This leadership is not about taking turns running the meeting. It is rather about promoting a better way of doing things or a new product." Many studies have shown that good leaders tend to have certain qualities such as: they have technical and specific skill of some task, have a clear sense of purpose, they are optimistic, work well with others, and believe that they can make a difference, can nurture the people around them i.e. delegate tasks, aware of the environment and themselves, are empathetic, direct all actions towards the goals and the mission and are role models for others. There are many theories on which leadership style should be adopted, but each leadership style or approach used depends on the culture of the organisation and the task at hand. As all things, these approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and in some situations it is better to use a particular type of approach over another. Leadership has been broadly categorized into classical approaches, behavioural approaches, trait approaches, transformational approaches and contingency approaches. Each approach has many theories within it. The classical approach contains the autocratic style, bureaucratic style, democratic style and the Laissez-faire. The autocratic style is the one in which the leader or manager retains control and power of decision making. Studies have shown that an autocratic leadership style leads to high absenteeism and labour turnover. There is low employee morale and the employees become dependent on the manager for decision making. Bureaucratic is when the manager goes by the book, follows procedure and policy, and if something is not in the book than he refers to his senior. This type of leadership style can be used when the job is routine, or when working with dangerous equipment and hazardous chemicals. It should not be used when employees start to lose interest in their job and do only what is expected of them and no more. A democratic style encourages participation, sharing of information and problem solving responsibilities. It is a way of coaching the employees to reach their full potential, although the final say lies with the coach. It is appropriate to use this style when the employee is skilled and the leader wants to provide the employees with opportunities, encourage team work, the task is very complex and requires input form all employees or when an organisational change needs to be made. It is not effective when there is a lack of time, it costs more to get everybody's input, the business in not in a condition to make mistakes, employee safety is vital and the manager feels insecure about delegating. Laissez-faire style is a do it yourself style. The leader provides no guidance. This is effective when the employees are highly skilled and know what they are doing. They are trustworthy and have experience in the field, and are experts. An example of this can be engineers and scientists working in the research and development department. They know what they want and how they want the end result to look like. It should not be used when the manager himself is unclear about his responsibilities and wants the employees to do his work, when the manager can not provide feedback; managers are unable to thank their employees and when the employees need the presence of the manager to guide them. Each of these

Cause and Effect Analysis of Information Data

Cause and Effect Analysis of Information Data Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 1. Information contained in quarterly publish employee directory becomes out of date quickly 1. Companys rapid growth with new employees make quarterly publish directory constantly out of date. Lessen the impact on the administrator from 12 hours weekly to 1 or 2 hours Delete the micro system Enable e-mail system accessibility Dispose of hardcopy directory savings of $27,000 Engage employees to enter data in real time Maintain security of the system to prevent unauthorized access from all locations All computer desktops from all locations must be independently accessible to the system Reduce the redundancy of keying in employee information into the mirco and System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 2. Duplicate employee information in the micro and mainframe systems 1. Automation is non existent between the micro and mainframe systems user interface 2. Employees information is not centrally stored in one location Eliminate the need for the micro system Develop single source of entering employee information to eliminate duplicate keying information Maintain security of the system to prevent unauthorized access from all locations All computer desktops from all locations must be independently accessible to the system Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 3. Maintaining and operating Mainframe system cost are high Out of date technology of the system increases costs to maintain Transactions are source of high cost with constant reprocessing to correct discrepancies 1. Decrease operating cost to a more manageable   level goal of 50% reduction 1. None   noted Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 4. Employee data not current throughout current system Administrator has to key in information on each employee submitted form causing a delay in system accuracy Employee data is not available in real time Allow employees to enter their own information into the system Develop single point of entry to ensure employee data is in real time and made available to other legacy systems 1. Interfaces need to meet legacy specifications Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 5. Employee information processing done by HR department is costly 1. HR staff labor is very extensive thus driving cost upward because of having to interface with each employee to fix discrepancies and input their data into the system Eliminate the need for the micro system Allow employees to enter their own information into the system Develop single point of entry to ensure employee data is in real time and made available to other legacy systems Maintain security of the system to prevent unauthorized access from all locations All computer desktops from all locations must be independently accessible to the system Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 6. Employees information is stored in different databases across the system Employee data is not being stored in a single repository Databases for storing employee data are application specific 1. Develop a database that is single source for employee information storage Single source employee database will exceed the $225,000 budget when modifying the legacy application. Provide the appropriate interfaces in lieu of modifying legacy applications Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 7. Reports are not accessible when users need them Current system does not have the capability to submit a query or ad-hoc function Backlogs and priorities prohibit IS from responding on reporting requests 1. Provide a feature to enable the ad-hoc and query function to the users Maintain security of the system to prevent unauthorized access from all locations Cause and Effect Analysis System Improvement Objectives Problem or Opportunity Causes and Effects System Objective System Constraint 8. United Way lacking employee participation 1. No means to track employee contributions Provide management the means to monitor contributions and status by the use inquiries and reports Enable each employee the ability to make contributions online Maintain security of the system to prevent unauthorized access from all locations All computer desktops from all locations must be independently accessible to the system

Free Affirmative Action Essays - Affirmative Action is Against the Bibl

Affirmative Action is Against the Bible America was known as the Land of Opportunity. Then it became evident that "opportunity" was only available to white men. Later, laws were passed to ensure equal opportunity regardless of race, sex, or religion. These Affirmative Action laws were set in place by our government with the intent of correcting the social evil know as prejudice; but in doing so, they created a monster. Affirmative action has become an ineffective, outdated, and socially harmful policy that is weakening our great nation. "The adoption of Affirmative Action programs in the 1960s reflected our national aspiration to overcome long-entrenched injustices and become a society where equal opportunity, or at least a fair opportunity, was a reality for more of our citizens. These programs were a response to economic, political and cultural circumstances that demanded, then encouraged, and then tolerated widespread discrimination on the basis of such factors as color, gender and ethnic background. The common hope was that these programs would be transitory in nature and would enable us as a society to reach a point, at some future date, when they would no longer be needed" (Shapiro). It is my opinion that we have now reached that date. Continued use of the policy is much like continued use of a strong medication. When a patient is suffering from a terrible disease, as was the United States suffering from discrimination, strong medication is sometimes needed to cure the problem. But once the disease is taken care of, further use of the medication does not help... ...e right course of action. This is an ideal that has always been true, but is quite often broken, resulting is negative effects and more problems. A course of action that is morally wrong, ethically wrong, and economically wrong, is not the correct way, but an easier way. Often, the correct way is more difficult and requires more work, but nevertheless, it is the correct way. Two wrongs do not make a right, but they do make more problems and prolong an actual resolution to the problem. Works Cited Shapiro, Harold. "Affirmative Action: A continuing discussion / A continuing commitment" Internet Source. Available at: http://humanitas.ucsb.edu/projects/aa/docs/shapiro.html Websters Dictionary Harbor House Publishers Inc. Baltimore. 1984

LGBT: Standing for Their Rights and What’s Right Essay

If you were to see a student in need what would you do? You would most likely step in and help that person. Am I right? Now what if that student was an LGBT student? You would most likely require more time to process the benefits and consequences of stepping in and making a difference right? Well when it comes to that statement I have to say that you are incorrect. It is the responsibility of every person, including you, to help a student in need no matter who that student is and regardless of the consequences. Nevertheless, LGBT individuals, including students, are the minority that is the most targeted against. We can no longer afford to let this injustice continue as long as there are people that exist who can make a difference. My friends the time for change is HERE and NOW. With those words I say this. Every individual who supports the rights of a fellow student, the LGBT student, should donate their time and money to the Southern Poverty Law Center as they strive to ensure the rights of LGBT students through the use of legal action, educational campaigns and combating the so called conversion therapy. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) campaigns for rights for LGBT students through their educational campaign known as the Teaching Tolerance Program. The Teaching Tolerance Program is a project of the SPLC whose purpose is to help educators improve their teaching methods through methods such as professional development and various activities within the classroom in order to compose a more complete and cultivating environment. The program has recently released Bullied in 2010. â€Å"Bullied† is a documentary for anti-bullying release throughout the United States. The document is made for use in the classroom and improvement for educators and highlights the tale of a student who struggled to stand up for what’s right against his anti-gay torturers. Although many know about the need for rights for LGBT students, on the other hand, there are those who may comment that there are those that refuse to listen to those who attempt to campaign peacefully and with reason. But it’s easy to see that there are many people out there who show absolute support for rights of ALL fellow citizens if we took a look back at history. An excellent example is Abraham Lincoln, who worked to end slavery once and for all. If a president is able to take the time out of his schedule to accomplish this feat, then we as Americans should be able to do the same for LGBT rights. After all is this no the land of the FREE and the home of the BRAVE? Let’s follow the examples of our forefathers and campaign to make this world a little better each day. In addition to educational campaigns, the SPLC exerts their energy, time, and resources for the rights of LGBT students through the use of legal action which includes but is not limited to proceedings against policies hostile to LGBT students. This is done thanks to the help of our very own Constitution. For example, let’s say that a student wants to wear clothing or any accessories that show their support for LGBT rights but the school that he or she attends will not allow him or her to wear it. It is then clearly evident that the school is in violation of that student’s natural first amendment rights which allows the right to free expression. The only time that the school can prevent you from wearing anything is if the clothing is obscene or has gang related elements. However some may say that legal action will only continue to heighten backlash against the LGBT community and therefore only make the situation worse. On the contrary legal action has helped hundreds of students for the rights when there are times that ultimately call for legal action. After all, now and again there have been occasions where words of expression and educational campaigns just aren’t enough. Furthermore, the SPLC alleviates LGBT students by function to put a stop to this so called conversion therapy. Conversion therapy is a lethal practice based on the presupposition that people can alter their sexual orientation. However this cannot be true. Why? Everyone, including the SPLC knows for a fact that people are BORN gay or straight not made or altered. Being gay, lesbian, or bisexual is not a form of mental disease or a pathological condition. Sometimes we as human beings do not realize that we do not have the power or the right to manipulate any of God’s creatures whatsoever. Luckily, Conversion therapy has been discredited by every major medical organization as there us nearly no evidence that conversion therapy is even successful. Yet there are some who articulate depending on their point of view that if an LGBT individual wishes to convert his or herself then we should let them. However it is unmistakably clear that most LGBT individuals do not want to be converted. People who went through conversion therapy have had increased anxiety, depression, and even suicidal intention. In a study made in 2002, 88% of individuals failed to turn homosexual, while only 3% changed their orientation. The rest had no change whatsoever. In the end, The Southern Poverty Law Center uses educational campaigns, legal action, and combat of conversion therapy. LGBT students are just like us. They are us. They are a part of this world just as much as we are. They are a prime example of what the United States of America are all about: the freedom of each individual to choose just how they want to live regardless of the consequences and obstacles that stand in their way. Therefore let us illuminate the problem of attacks on LGBT students so that we may better grasp the situation and work together to fight for a noble cause. For if we do not learn from history and change ourselves for the better, then we can never truly overcome our obstacles and we will ultimately end up within the remnants of our own downfall. Think about it.

Bowlbys Attachment Theory

Introduction For the purpose of this assignment I will begin with a discussion of John Bowl by’s theory of attachment, this is one of the most used theories in children’s social work today. I will then discuss the origins of attachment theory, with giving an overview of what attachment theory consists of. In addition I will critically analyse this theory by incorporating other theorist’s views. Further I will give a brief account of how Mary Ainsworth researched attachment and her outcomes and classifications, which strengthened and widened the theory. Finally I will discuss how this theory is used within social work settings, together with influencing policy initiatives . A brief overview is given regarding the ethical approach used together with its relevance to anti discriminatory practise. Bowlby initially began his career as a child psychiatrist, which later led him to undertake training at the British Psychoanalytic Institute. These early experiences contributed positively in Bowlby’s research, which then led to the origins of attachment theory. This was his first empirical study to be undertaken. He examined cases of maladjusted children in a school. Bowlby then linked the children who were committing petty crime, also suffered with affectionless emotions. He then noted that all of these children had a history of separation and maternal deprivation Bowlby then proceeded to expand his research, influenced by Konrad Lorenz’s (1935) paper on imprinting. In which Lorenz researched behaviour of baby geese, where he stated is a phrase sensitive learning which is implied within a â€Å"_critical period† (Lorenz 1935). _Bowlby’s research was then one compromising concepts from ethologic, cybernetics and psychoanalysis methods. Thus making him believe that, humans are also born with tendencies to naturally promote attachment. The main concepts which Bowlby mainly focused on was; monotropy a tendency to attach to one particular care giver usually the mother. In addition he stated â€Å"_the propensity to make strong emotional bonds to one particular individual is a basic component of human nature† (Bowlby 1988). _He also goes on to state attachment â€Å"aids in survival†. Bowlby had distinguished four categories that consisted in attachment. The proximity Maintenance: Desire to be near the people we are attached to. Safe Haven: Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of fear or threat Secure Base: The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment. Separation Distress: Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure. Ambivalent Attachment: _Where the child usually become very distressed when parents leave. This type is un common, normally a result of poor maternal availability. _ After Ainsworth’s research, (Main, Solomon 1986) added a fourth attachment style from their own research Conclusion

management Information Systems essays

management Information Systems essays Running a business on your own requires a whole lot of work. One has to set their own hours and be their own boss. Yeah that may sound like fun, but speaking from experience its hand full. The high percentage of business failures clearly shows that while the intentions of wanting to run a successful business are good, the carrying out process is poor. Its almost like building a house without a blueprint and you'll have a lopsided construction that could crumple at any given time. Run a business with the same approach, and you'll get a similar result. If you're going to do it, do it right. One of the most important factors in running a business is knowing how to interpret data. One must know how to turn insignificant numbers into valuable information. As the owner of an aircraft component manufacturer I come across sheets and sheets of data that I must convert to significant information. To help you better understand the process Ive attached our most recent orders and suppliers data form, and I will explain the steps to follow so that you can turn those numbers into information. Here are the steps you need to consider: First you need to study the data, and understand what each number represents. Then you have to choose what factors are necessary for comparison to help improve your business. The first thing I chose to compare was the number of times I opted to use each company. To do this all we need to use is the name of each vendor. An easy way to count how many times they are on the list is to sort the data by vendor number. That gives you every vendor in order. This process will tell you which Vendor is more popular with my firm. I discovered that Fast-Tie Aerospace is the vendor me buy most often from. This will help my company discover where all our shopping is done. Second, I wanted to discover if I was doing the right thing by buying most of my supplies from Fast-Tie Aerospace. The...

What Is an AP Scholar Advantages and Requirements

What Is an AP Scholar Advantages and Requirements SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You might think the term â€Å"AP Scholar† just refers to anyone who takes studying for AP exams really seriously. But it’s actually an awards program offered by the College Board.In this article, I’ll go over what an AP Scholar is, what you need to achieve to become one, what it means to be one, and some tips on getting the award if it’s something you’re interested in. What Is an AP Scholar? An AP Scholar is, broadly speaking, someone who has received an award from the College Board for doing well on several AP exams. There are several award levels according to how many exams the student scored highly on, as well as their average AP score. What Does It Mean to Be an AP Scholar? If you have an AP Scholar award, you can list it on resumes and college applications. It will signal that you did well on multiple AP exams. The designation will appear on your official AP exam scores, and you will receive a certificate in the mail the September following the time you receive the designation. Sadly, you do not get any money from this award, but it’s nice to have recognition of all your hard work!Of course, the higher-up your designation, the more impressive it is. Gold star for you! AP Scholar Awards and How You Earn Them What â€Å"level† of award you are offered generally depends on three criteria: How many AP exams you have gotten a score of 3 or higher on. Your average AP exam score. Where your high school is located. You can receive the next â€Å"level† of award in subsequent years as you take more AP exams.In this table, I’ll lay out all the criteria for the different AP Scholar award tiers- the AP Scholar requirements, if you will. AP Scholar Requirements Award Designation School Location Requirements Score/Number Requirements Required Average AP Score on all APs taken AP Scholar (none) 3 or better on 3+ AP exams (n/a) AP Scholar with Honor (none) 3 or better on 4+ AP exams 3.25 AP Scholar with Distinction (none) 3 or better on 5+ AP exams 3.5 National AP Scholar United States 4 or better on 8+ AP exams 4 National AP Scholar (Canada) Canada 4 or better on 5+ AP exams 4 National AP Scholar (Bermuda) Bermuda 4 or better on 5+ AP exams 4 State AP Scholar (granted to 1 male and 1 female student per state) Each US state Greatest number of exams with scores of 3 or higher in the state Highest average of those who took the greatest number of exams with scores 3+ DoDEA AP Scholar (granted to 1 male and 1 female student) DoDEA(Department of Defense Education Activity) school students Greatest number of exams with scores of 3 or higher in DoDEA schools Highest average of those who took the greatest number of exams with scores 3+ International AP Scholar (granted to 1 male and 1 female student) Attends school outside US or Canada that is not DoDEA school Greatest number of exams with scores of 3 or higher in international schools Highest average of those who took the greatest number of exams with scores 3+ Step one to becoming an AP Scholar: pick your books off the floor. How to Becomean AP Scholar If you want to be an AP Scholar, at the most basic level you need to take AP exams! You also need to make an effort to score a 3 or higher on every exam you take, not just the minimum number for the Scholar designation you’re going for since lower scores will bring your average down and limit your ability to meet the score average requirements to be an AP Scholar. If you want to meet a certain level before you apply to college, you’ll need to take the requisite AP exams by the end of your junior year, so that you’ll get the award by your senior fall. However, my recommendation would be not to stress too much about the AP Scholar program. For one thing, when you get to the highest levels of the award, whether you get the award or not is somewhat outside of your control, since you can’t control how many AP exams other people take or what their average score is. If you get an AP Scholar award, great! But colleges will be able to see your complete AP score report either way, and they know which APs and AP courses are most challenging. It’s better to take a rigorous course of study and not quite qualify for the next Scholar level than to front-load with content-light APs to get the award. This strange baby-man is actually a National AP Scholar. Key Takeaways The AP Scholar awards are a series of awards given by the College Board for students who have gotten high scores on a number of AP exams. There are different â€Å"levels† of the award depending on the number of AP exams a student has gotten a high score on, their average AP exam score, and where they go to school. If you want to be an AP Scholar, you’ll need to take AP classes and be sure to do well on your exams! However, I don’t recommend stressing too much about these awards - your time is better spent on other projects that will be more impressive to colleges. What's Next? To prep for AP success, see when you should start studying for AP exams, and how you should prepare. If you're thinking about other AP achievements, you might be wondering if you need an AP test perfect score.Or you may want to know the average score for each AP exam, or even how AP exams are scored. Trying to figure out your AP schedule? See our guides to which AP exams to take, and how many APs you should plan on taking. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: